Anuria is a condition where there is no urine discharge from the body. The main cause of anuria includes severe kidney problems, hypovolemia, cardiogenic shock and sepsis. The term “anuria” indicates absence of urine. In most cases of anuria patients the urine production would be in very low level. If untreated, anuria can cause death. Kidneys would not stop urine production but would be able to produce in low quantity. The person dies if kidneys stop urine production. Anuria is the worst stage of oliguria wherein the urine production is lesser than 500 ml per day. Oliguria is a strong symptom of kidney malfunction. The patient is left untreated at this stage he/she may develop anuria. In this stage some patients would not have any urine output or lesser than 100 ml per day.
Anuria is a critical condition and the outlook depends on early treatment and the body’s response to it.
Anuria Causes :
Broadly there are 3 major causes of anuria which can be categorized into pre-renal cause, renal cause and post-renal cause.
- Pre-Renal Causes :
Kidneys are responsible for the production of urine and any problem/disease in the kidneys can affect the urine production. But there are problems outside the kidneys that can lower the urine production. These factors are included in the pre-renal causes. The problem occurring on the areas of blood vessels before it reaches the kidneys are also referred as pre-renal causes.
Some Of The Major Pre-Renal Causes Are Discussed Below :
- Hypovelemia conditions like blood leakage (hemorrhage), loss of fluids due to repeated diarrhea and vomiting, burns, diuretics, fluid loss due to operational procedure and pulmonary edema (build up of excess fluid in the lungs) come under this category.
- Low systemic vascular resistance can occur due to severe sepsis or shock and severe allergic reactions of certain drugs and intake of antihypertensive drugs.
- Heart failure conditions like myocardial infarction, decreased blood supply from the heart, cardiomyopathy, and improper beating of heart fall under this category.
- Other causes include pancreatitis, sudden compression of renal vein or inferior vena cava, sudden increase in abdominal pressure, sudden increase of blood sugar levels and potentially life threatening allergic reaction can cause anuria.
Renal Origin :